:Genetics

Inflammation chronic provokes stacks of blood marrow-derivatives bone to travel to the brain and to cast more frequently with some type of the neuron up to 100 times of the one than believed previously, in accordance with a new study of the school of the university of Stanford of the medicine.

After the fusing, the nuclei of the blood-stack start to express previously quiet, neuron-specific genes. The surprise that finds in the rats suggests that the creation of the casting stacks, called heterokaryons, can possibly play a paper in the neurons protecting of meeting to the damages and can open new doors to the therapy cell-mediated of the gene.

“this that finds was unexpected senior author total unprecedented and,” said Helen Blau, PhD, And of Donald and Delia B. Baxter professor and director of the laboratory of Baxter in pharmacology genetic. “we are starting suggestions that this could be biolgica important, but we have still much to learn.” The research, lead for Clas Johansson, PhD, scholar postdoctoral in the laboratory of Blau, will be published in line in the biology of the stack of the nature on April 20.

The stacks marrow-derivatives bone are known as stacks of connecting rod of the blood, or stacks of connecting rod hematopoietic. They can all cause the blood and immune stacks in the body. Although progeny of these stacks of connecting rod hematopoietic either shown previously to the fuse with a variety of the other stack types the body inside, this fusing occurs thus infrequent that it had been thought to have little meant biological.

The neurons of Purkinje are d-cells in a parcel of the known brain as cerebellum, that he is involved in the control of the counterbalance and the engine. Other neurons give to form the junctions between many, and they do not regenerate. They are the only stack in the brain shown for Blau and another one to the fuse with these stacks marrow-derivatives bone in the rats and human beings.

The preceding studies that investigate this fusing of the stack in the rats had trusted the use of lethal doses of the radiation abolish a system hematopoietic of the rat before introducing the stacks of connecting rod of the blood projected to express a green fluorescent protein. The new stacks of connecting rod of the blood then entirely repopulate the system hematopoietic now-absentee of the animal with stacks green-presenting fluorescence whose the origin could fcilmente be identified. The investigators could then choose for are of heterokaryons in the brain looking for the green neurons of deep meeting to a neutral one.

The investigators, in the contribution with the scientists in the university of British Colombia in Vancver, had used this technique in the current study transplant an only stack of connecting rod hematopoietic and to prove that heterokaryons in the brain had been derived from the blood. However, because such high doses of the radiation are known to break below the natural barrier that the flow of the stacks and molecules between the brain and the blood restricts, Blau and its colleagues had wanted to know if this immovable fusing occurred under circumstances physiologically more less traumatic.

They had used one called technique parabiosis to introduce the stacks of blood that express the green fluorescent protein in an animal unmodified. In the parabiosis, two rats are joined cirrgica in such way that they share of a circulatrio system. A rat had been projected to express the green protein in all its stacks, and one did not have. Because the animals had shared of a source of the blood per diverse weeks, on the half of the stacks of blood in the protein-sufficient rat unmodified expressed the green to allow the investigators to detect casting stacks in the brain.

The investigators had after found the evidence of the fusing between stacks of blood and neurons of Purkinje in this radiation-free system the 20 26 weeks the surgery. In the fact, heterokaryons green was identifiable stops up to 20 weeks later that the rats had been separate, when the majority of the stacks of blood in the rat unmodified had been regenerated as non-colorful stacks.

But then Johansson saw something to surprise. As in preceding experiences, the majority of the rats cerebellums had had very low numbers of casting stacks in its, but some had had more. Up to 100 times more.

“Clas significantly more wrote down heterokaryons of that we always had in the past,” we said Blau, “less of of 10 in an entire animal diverse the one hundred.” When the investigators had looked at more prxima, had found that those animals with that-waited numbers high-do of casting stacks had also had a condition inflammatory of the common skin to the rats of the laboratory of the aging called dermatitis ulcerative idiopathic. This chronic type of inflammation affects the entire immune system of the animal and cause an immune reply systemwide.

The investigators had confirmed that the increase notable in the numbers of casting stacks estve related to inflammation using the traditional approach of transplant of marrow of radiation/bone in the rats with dermatitis. Finally, they had counted the casting stacks that had given to form in a model of the sclerosis multiple - an illness autoimmune of the rat characterized for inflammation and for the damages of the central nervous system. Neurologist and specialist Lawrence Steinman of the sclerosis multiple, MD, professor of neurology and sciences neurological in the medical school, co-had been the author of the research and since that the model of the rat for the study. Heterokaryons in some of these rats numbered in the thousands.

Exactly more intriguing of the one than the inflammation-induced increase in the numbers cross-species was an experience that it showed nuclei of the stacks of connecting rod of the blood of the rat that had casting to the stacks of Purkinje in the jamb of the rats that express proteins of the stack of blood and started to express neuron-specific products of the gene of the rat. This interruptor exemplifies a type of genetic reprogramming this was a source of debate ongoing and the great interest in the world of the research of the stack of connecting rod. Such reprogramming is critical to the functional fabric regeneration for stacks of connecting rod.

“what we are seeing we are that this phenomenon is happening in the real life,” said Blau, that the following plants to study if such fusing can save the damaged neurons or dying of Purkinje. “we still do not know if this function will be beneficial, but we know now that he has the places where he happens razoavelmente in high frequencies under determined circumstances, and that these nuclei can reprogrammed exactly.”

The article was adaptou today for Medical Notice of the release of the original press.

The colleagues of StanfordBlau and Steinman in the research include Sawsan Youssef, PhD; Regis Doyonnas, PhD; Kassie Koleckar and Colin Holbrook; as.well.as the university of Stephane Corbel of British Colombia, PhD, and Fabio Rossi, MD, PhD.

The research was financed by the foundation of Wenner-Gren (Sweden), for the foundation of af Jochnick (Sweden), for the national society of the sclerosis multiple, for the national justinian codes of the health, for the Canadian institute of the research of the health, for the foundation of McKnight and the foundation of Baxter.

The medical center of university of Stanford integrates the research, instruction and medical care in its three institutions - school of the patient of the university of Stanford of the medicine, hospital of Stanford & clinics and hospital of the children of Lucile Packard in Stanford. For more information, it please visits the Web site of the office of medical center of a communication & public cases in http://mednews.stanford.edu/.

Source: BakerMitzi
Medical CenterUniversidade Of Stanford